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State Profile
State Profile
Ground Water Scenario of Jammu & Kashmir
Area (Sq.km) |
2,22,236 |
Rainfall (mm) |
998 |
Total Districts / Blocks |
14 districts / 123 Blocks |
Hydrogeology
The occurrence of ground water in the State is primarily confined to five alluvial regions namely (I) Piedmont deposits of outer plain of Jammu, (ii) Dune belt in the outer Himalayas, (iii) Isolated valley fill deposits in lesser Himalayas, (iv) Fluvio-lacustrine deposits in Kashmir valley and Moraines and Fluvio-glacial deposits of Ladakh. The piedmonts can be further divided into Kandi and Sirowal belts. Ground water, except Kandi area where deep water table conditions occur, is both under phreatic and confined conditions. Ground water potential in the Dune belt is limited and yield of wells, 80 to 130 m deep is 3-6 m3/hr. In isolated valley fills, the yield from confined aquifer is about 3 m3/hr. from well of 65 m depth. Dug wells in Kashmir valley have limited yield whereas deep tube wells yield between 17-216 m3/hr. Ground water occur as perched water table and gives rise to spring or unconfined conditions in Moraines and fluvio-glacial deposits. In these areas, yield of tube well varies from 36-54 m3/hr. The ground water in hard rock of Jammu region is confined to weathered residuum, where the tube wells go dry during summer seasons. The quality of ground water is generally potable.
Dynamic Ground Water Resources |
Annual Replenishable Ground water Resource |
2.70 BCM |
Net Annual Ground Water Availability |
2.43 BCM |
Annual Ground Water Draft |
0.33 BCM |
Stage of Ground Water Development |
14 % |
Ground Water Development & Management |
Over Exploited |
NIL
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Critical |
NIL |
Semi- critical |
NIL |
Ground Water User Maps |
14 districts |
Artificial Recharge to Ground Water (AR) |
- Quantity of Surface Water to be Recharged :161 MCM
- Feasible AR structures: 500 Nala Bunds, 336 Revival of Kandi Ponds, RWH in Urban Areas for 1.5 Lakhs houses.
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AR schemes completed during IX Plan: 8 |
Ground Water Quality Problems |
Contaminants |
Districts affected (in part) |
Fluoride (>1.5 mg/l) |
Rajaori, Udhampur |
Iron (>1.0 mg/l) |
Baramulla, Budgam, Kathua, Kupwara, Pulwama, Srinagar |
Nitrate (>45 mg/l) |
Jammu, Kathua |
Enactment of Ground Water Bill to regulate and control the development of ground water:
The draft Bill has been prepared and sent for obtaining comments of Central Ground Water Board and Ministry of Water Resources. Central Ground Water Board has informed the Jammu & Kashmir Govt. to take into consideration the provisions under the Environment (Protection) Act, 2005 while finalizing the State Legislation.
Inclusion of Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting (RTRWH) in building by laws:
To be included.
Central Ground Water Authority
Areas Notified for Regulation of ground water development |
NIL |
Mass Awareness Programme (as on 31.03.2010) |
12 |
Water Management Training Programme (as on 31.03.2010) |
8 |
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Ministry
of Water Resources