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State Profile
State Profile
Ground Water Scenario of Kerala
Area (Sq.km) |
38,863 |
Rainfall (mm) |
3073 |
Total Districts / Blocks |
14 districts / 154 Blocks |
Hydrogeology
Physiographically, the state can be divided into three zones namely the Coastal plains, the Midlands and the Hill ranges. Major portion of the State is underlain by the crystalline rocks of Archaean age. Sedimentary formations of Eocene to Recent overlie these crystalline rocks along the coastal belt. The tubewells tapping the aquifers in crystalline rocks yield between 6-10 m3/hr. The midland area is capped by laterites where the yield of tube well varies from 10-15 m3/hr. In the coastal area, where Tertiary formations possess promising aquifers, the tube wells yield 12-15 m3/hr under free flow conditions.
Dynamic Ground Water Resources |
Annual Replenishable Ground water Resource |
6.84 BCM |
Net Annual Ground Water Availability |
6.23 BCM |
Annual Ground Water Draft |
2.92 BCM |
Stage of Ground Water Development |
47 % |
Ground Water Development & Management |
Over Exploited |
5 Blocks |
Critical |
15 Blocks |
Semi- critical |
30 Blocks |
Ground Water User Maps |
14 districts |
Artificial Recharge to Ground Water (AR) |
- Area identified for AR: 4650 sq km
- Quantity of Surface Water to be Recharged: 1078 MCM
- Feasible AR structures: 4312 check dams, 7181 sub surface dykes, 10780 gully plugs, 10780 nalah bunds, RTRWH (0.7 lakh houses) , run off water harvesting (1200 structures)
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AR schemes completed during VIII Plan: 5
AR schemes completed during IX Plan: 13 |
Ground Water Quality Problems |
Contaminants |
Districts affected (in part) |
Salinity (EC > 3000 µS/cm at 25 ° C) |
Palakkad |
Fluoride (>1.5 mg/l) |
Palakkad |
Iron (>1.0 mg/l) |
Alappuzha, Ernakulam, Idukki, Kannur, Kasaragod, Kollam, Kottayam, Kozhikode, Malappuram, Palakkad, Pathanamthitta, Thiruvananthapuram, Thrissur, Wayanad |
Nitrate (>45 mg/l) |
Alappuzha, Idukki, Kollam, Kottayam, Kozhikode, Malappuram, Palakkad, Pathanamthitta, Thiruvananthapuram, Thrissur, Wayanad |
Enactment of Ground Water Bill to regulate and control the development of ground water:
The “Kerala Ground Water (Control and Regulation) Act, 1997” has been enacted.
Inclusion of Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting (RTRWH) in building by laws:
Roof top RWH has become mandatory as per Kerala Municipality Building (Amendment) Rules, 2004 for all new buildings.
Central Ground Water Authority
Areas Notified for Regulation of ground water development |
NIL |
Mass Awareness Programme (as on 31.03.2010) |
21 |
Water Management Training Programme (as on 31.03.2010) |
19 |
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Ministry
of Water Resources