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State Profile
State Profile
Ground Water Scenario of Andhra Pradesh
Area (Sq. km) |
2,75,069 |
Physiography |
A low relief terrain with three major physiographic units-
- The Coastal Plains
- The Eastern Ghats
- The Western Pedeplain
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Drainage |
The state is drained by three major perennial rivers viz. Godavari, Krishna and Pennar, ten medium rivers and several other rivers of lesser significance |
Rainfall |
Varies from 561 mm in Rayalaseema Region to about 1113 mm in the northeastern part of the state. No. of rainy days varies from 52 in coastal Andhra to 41 days in Rayalaseema and Telangana regions |
Total Districts / Mandals |
23 districts / 1125 Mandals |
Hydrogeology
Nearly 84% of the State is underlain by hard crystalline and consolidated formations like Archaean, Cuddapah, Dharwars, Kurnool, Deccan Traps etc. The rest of the State is underlain by semi-consolidated formation like Gondwanas and Tertiaries and unconsolidated deposits like Recent alluvium. The yield of wells ranges between 2-5 m3/hr in Dharwars comprising schist, phyllites, amphibolites and epidiorites. In granite gneiss, khondalites and charnokites, the yield ranges between 10-35 m3/hr. In Cuddapahs, the yield ranges between 7-50 m3/hr. In shales and Deccan traps, the yield ranges between 0.5-1.5 m3/hr and 10-40 m3/hr, respectively. The yield of wells in soft rocks like Gondwana sand stone varies from 12-220 m3/hr. The alluvial formations are confined mainly in the delta region where the tubewells yield from 15-60 m3/hr.
Dynamic Ground Water Resources |
Annual Replenishable Ground water Resource |
36.50 BCM |
Net Annual Ground Water Availability |
32.95 BCM |
Annual Ground Water Draft |
14.90 BCM |
Stage of Ground Water Development |
45 % |
Ground Water Development & Management |
Over Exploited |
219 Mandals |
Critical |
77 Mandals |
Semi- critical |
175 Mandals |
Ground Water User Maps |
23 districts |
Artificial Recharge to Ground Water
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- Area identified for AR: 65,333 sq. km.
- Quantity of Surface Water to be Recharged: 1095 MCM
- Feasible AR structures: 3800 Percolation Tanks, 11167 Check Dams, RWH in Urban Areas
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AR schemes completed during VIII Plan: 1
AR schemes completed during IX Plan: 10 |
Ground Water Quality Problems |
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Contaminants |
Districts affected (in part) |
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Salinity (EC > 3000 µS/cm at 25 ° C) |
Anantapur, Kurnool, Kadapa, Nellore, Prakasam, Guntur, Mahabubnagar, Nalgonda, Krishna, Khammam, Warangal, Medak, East Godavari, Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram |
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Fluoride (>1.5 mg/l) |
Adilabad, Anantpur, Chittoor, Guntur, Hyderabad, Karimnagar, Khammam, Krishna, Kurnool, Mahabubnagar, Medak, Nalgonda, Nellore, Prakasam, Ranga Reddy, Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram, Warangal, West Godavari |
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Chloride (> 1000 mg/l) |
Prakasam , Nellore, Guntur, Mahaboobnagar, Nalgonda, Krishna, Khammam, Warangal, Srikakulam |
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Iron (>1.0 mg/l) |
Adilabad, Chittoor, Kadapa, Guntur, Hyderabad, Karimnagar, Krishna, Kurnool, Mahabubnagar, Medak, Nalgonda, Nellore, Nizamabad, Ranga Reddy, Visakhapatnam, |
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Nitrate (>45 mg/l) |
Adilabad, Anantpur, Chittoor, Kadapa, East Godavari, Guntur, Hyderabad, Karimnagar, Khammam, Krishna, Kurnool, Mahabubnagar, Medak, Nalgonda, Nellore, Nizamabad, Prakasam, Ranga Reddy, Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram, Warangal, West Godavari |
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Enactment of Ground Water Bill to regulate and control the development of ground water:
Andhra Pradesh Water, Land and Trees Act, 2002 covering whole State have been enacted with effect from 19.04.2002.
Inclusion of Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting (RTRWH) in building by laws:
‘Andhra Pradesh Water, Land and Tree Act, 2002’ stipulates mandatory provision to construct rainwater harvesting structures at new and existing constructions for all residential, commercial and other premises and open space having area of not less than 200 sq.m in the stipulated period, failing which the authority may get such Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) structures constructed and recover the cost incurred along with the penalty as may be prescribed
Central Ground Water Authority
Areas Notified for Regulation of ground water development |
- Midijil Mandal of Mahabubnagar District.
- Tirupathi (rural) Mandal of Chittor District
- Vempalli Mandal of Cuddapah district
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Mass Awareness Programme (as on 31.03.2010) |
22 |
Water Management Training Programme (as on 31.03.2010) |
19 |
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Ministry
of Water Resources