CGWB - Publications and Media Warehouse
Category | Year Book |
---|---|
State | Andhra Pradesh |
District | Alluri Sitharama Raju Anakapalli Anantapur Annamayya Bapatla Chittoor East Godavari Eluru Guntur Kakinada Konaseema Krishna Kurnool Nandyal Ntr Palnadu Parvathipuram Manyam Prakasam Spsr Nellore Sri Sathya Sai Srikakulam Tirupati Visakhapatanam Vizianagaram West Godavari Y.S.R. |
Block | A.Konduru Achanta Achutapuram Addanki Addateegala Adoni Agali Agiripalli Ainavilli Akividu Alamuru Allagadda Allavaram Allur Alur Amadagur Amadalavalasa Amalapuram Amarapuram Amaravathi Ambajipeta Amruthalur Anakapalle Anandapuram Anantapur Ananthagiri Ananthasagaram Anaparthy Anumasamudrampeta Araku Valley Ardhaveedu Aspari Atchempet Atlur Atmakur Atmakur Atmakur Atreyapuram Attili Avanigadda B.Kodur B.Kothakota Badangi Badvel Baireddipalle Balayapalle Balijipeta Ballikurava Banaganapalle Bandi Atmakur Bangarupalem Bantumilli Bapatla Bapulapadu Bathalapalle Bellamkonda Beluguppa Bestavaripeta Bethamcherla Bhamini Bhattiprolu Bheemunipatnam Bhimadole Bhimavaram Bhoghapuram Biccavolu Bobbili Bogole Bollapalle Bommanahal Bondapalle Brahmamgarimatham. Brahmasamudram Buchinadidu Khandriga Bukkapatnam Bukkarayasamudram Burja Butchayyapeta Butchireddipalem Buttayagudem C.Belagal Chagalamarri Chagallu Chakrayapet Challapalli Chandarlapadu Chandra Sekhara Puram Chandragiri Chapadu Chatrai Chebrole Cheedikada Cheepurupalle Chejerla Chennekothapalle Chennur Cherukupalle Chilakaluripet Chilamathur Chillakur Chimakurthi Chinaganjam Chinnagottigallu Chinnamandem Chintakomma Dinne Chintalapudi Chintapalle Chintoor Chippagiri Chirala Chittamur Chittoor Chitvel Chodavaram Chowdepalle Cumbum D.Hirehal Dachepalle Dagadarthi Dakkili Darsi Dattirajeru Denduluru Denkada Devanakonda Devarapalle Devarapalle Devipatnam Dharmavaram Dhone Alias Dronachalam Donakonda Doravarisatram Dornala Dornipadu Duggirala Dumbriguda Durgi Duttalur Duvvur Dwarakatirumala Edlapadu Elamanchili Eluru Etcherla G.Konduru G.Madugula Gadivemula Gajapathinagaram Gajuwaka Galiveedu Gampalagudem Ganapavaram Gandepalle Gandlapenta Gangadhara Nellore Gangavaram Gangavaram Ganguvarisigadam Gannavaram Gantyada Gara Garividi Garladinne Garugubilli Ghantasala Giddaluru Gokavaram Gollaprolu Golugonda Gonegandla Gooty Gopalapuram Gopavaram Gorantla Gospadu Gudem Kotha Veedhi Gudibanda Gudipala Gudivada Gudlavalleru Gudluru Gudupalle Gudur Gudur Guduru Gummagatta Gummalakshmipuram Guntakal Guntur Gurazala Gurla Gurramkonda Halaharvi Hanumanthuni Padu Hindupur Hiramandalam Holagunda Hukumpeta I. Polavaram Ibrahimpatnam Ichapuram Indukurpet Inkollu Ipur Iragavaram Irala Jaggampeta Jaggayyapeta Jaladanki Jalumuru Jami Jammalamadugu Janakavaram Ponguluru Jangareddigudem Jeelugumilli Jiyyammavalasa Jupadu Bungalow K.Kotapadu K.V.B.Puram Kadapa Kadiam Kadiri Kaikalur Kajuluru Kakinada Rural Kakinada Urban Kakumanu Kalakada Kalasapadu Kalidindi Kaligiri Kalikiri Kalla Kallur Kaluvoya Kalyandrug Kamalapuram Kamavarapukota Kambadur Kambhamvaripalle Kanaganapalle Kanchikacherla Kanchili Kandukur Kanekal Kanigiri Kankipadu Kapileswarapuram Karamchedu Karapa Karempudi Karlapalem Karvetinagar Kasimkota Katrenikona Kavali Kaviti Khajipet Kirlampudi Kodavalur Kodumur Kodur Koduru Koilakuntla Kolimigundla Kollipara Kollur Komarada Komarolu Konakanamittla Kondapi Kondapuram Kondapuram Korisapadu Korukonda Kosigi Kota Kotabommili Kotananduru Kotauratla Kotha Patnam Kothacheruvu Kothapalle Kothapeta Kothavalasa Kotturu Kovur Kovvur Kowthalam Koyyalagudem Koyyuru Krishnagiri Krosuru Kruttivennu Kudair Kukkunur Kunavaram Kundurpi Kuppam Kurabalakota Kurichedu Kurnool Kurupam L.N Peta Lakkavarapukota Lakkireddipalle Laveru Lepakshi Lingala Lingapalem Lingasamudram Machavaram Macherla Machilipatnam Madakasira Madanapalle Maddikera (East) Maddipadu Madugula Mahanandi Makavarapalem Makkuva Malikipuram Mamidikuduru Mandapeta Mandasa Mandavalli Mangalagiri Mantralayam Manubolu Maredumilli Markapur Marripadu Marripudi Martur Medikonduru Meliaputti Mentada Merakamudidam Midthur Mogalthur Mopidevi Movva Muddanur Mudigubba Mudinepalle Mulakalacheruvu Mummidivaram Munagapaka Munchingi Puttu Mundlamuru Muppalla Musunuru Muthukur Mydukur Mylavaram Mylavaram Nadendla Nagalapuram Nagaram Nagari Nagayalanka Naguluppala Padu Naidupeta Nakkapalle Nallacheruvu Nallajerla Nallamada Nambulapulikunta Nandalur Nandavaram Nandigam Nandigama Nandikotkur Nandivada Nandyal Narasannapeta Narasaraopeta Narayanavanam Narpala Narsapur Narsipatnam Nathavaram Nekarikallu Nellimarla Nellipaka Nellore Rural Nidadavole Nidamarru Nimmanapalle Nindra Nizampatnam Nuzendla Nuzvid Obuladevarecheruvu Obulavaripalle Ongole Orvakal Owk Ozili P.Gannavaram Pachipenta Paderu Padmanabham Pagidyala Pakala Palacole Palakoderu Palakonda Palamaner Palasa Palasamudram Pamarru Pamarru Pamidi Pamidimukkala Pamulapadu Pamur Panyam Paravada Parchur Parigi Parvathipuram Pathapatnam Pattikonda Payakaraopeta Peapully Peda Araveedu Peda Bayalu Pedacherlo Palle Pedagantyada Pedakakani Pedakurapadu Pedana Pedanandipadu Pedapadu Pedaparupudi Pedapudi Pedavegi Peddakadabur Peddamandyam Peddamudium Peddapanjani Peddapappur Peddapuram Peddathippasamudram Peddavadugur Pellakur Penagalur Penamaluru Pendlimarri Pendurthi Pentapadu Penuganchiprolu Penugonda Penukonda Penumantra Penumuru Peravali Phirangipuram Piduguralla Piler Pitchatur Pithapuram Pittalavanipalem Podalakur Podili Poduru Polaki Polavaram Ponduru Ponnaluru Ponnur Porumamilla Prathipadu Prathipadu Proddatur Pulicherla H/O Reddivaripalle Pulivendla Pullalacheruvu Pullampeta Punganur Pusapatirega Puthalapattu Putlur Puttaparthi Puttur Racherla Rajahmundry Rural Rajahmundry Urban Rajam Rajampet Rajanagaram Rajavommangi Rajupalem Rajupalem Ramabhadrapuram Ramachandrapuram Ramachandrapuram Ramagiri Ramakuppam Ramapuram Ramasamudram Rambilli Rampachodavaram Ranastalam Rangampeta Raptadu Rapur Ravikamatham Ravulapalem Rayachoty Rayadurg Rayavaram Razole Reddigudem Regidi Amadalavalasa Renigunta Rentachintala Repalle Roddam Rolla Rolugunta Rompicherla Rompicherla Routhulapudi Rudravaram S.Rayavaram Sabbavaram Sakhinetipalle Salur Samalkota Sambepalle Sangam Sanjamala Sankhavaram Santhabommali Santhakavati Santhamaguluru Santhanuthala Padu Santhipuram Ho Arimuthanapalle Saravakota Sarubujjili Sattenapalle Satyavedu Savalyapuram Seethampeta Seethanagaram Seethanagaram Seetharamapuram Settur Sidhout Simhadripuram Singanamala Singarayakonda Sirivel Sodam Somala Somandepalle Sompeta Sri Avadutha Kasinayana Srikakulam Srikalahasti Srirangarajapuram Srisailam Srungavarapukota Sullurpeta Sydapuram T.Narasapuram T.Sundupalle Tada Tadepalle Tadepalligudem Tadikonda Tadimarri Tadipatri Tallur Talupula Tanakal Tangutur Tanuku Tarlupadu Tekkali Tenali Thallapudi Thallarevu Thamballapalle Thavanampalle Therlam Thondangi Thondur Thotapalligudur Thotlavalluru Thottambedu Thullur Tirupati (Rural) Tiruvuru Tripuranthakam Tsundur Tuggali Tuni U.Kothapalle Udayagiri Ulavapadu Undi Undrajavaram Unguturu Unguturu Uppalaguptam Uravakonda Uyyalawada Vadamalapeta Vajrakarur Vajrapukotturu Vakadu Vallur Valmikipuram Vangara Varadaiahpalem Vararamachandrapuram Varikuntapadu Vatsavai Vatticherukuru Vedurukuppam Veeraballi Veeraghattam Veerapanayani Palle Veeravasaram Veerullapadu Velairpad Veldurthi Veldurthy Veligandla Velugodu Vempalle Vemula Vemuru Venkatachalam Venkatagiri Venkatagirikota Vepada Vetapalem Vidapanakal Vidavalur Vijayapuram Vijayawada Rural Vijayawada Urban Vinjamur Vinukonda Visakhapatnam(Rural) Vissannapet Vizianagaram Voletivari Palem Vontimitta Vuyyuru Y. Ramavaram Yadamari Yadiki Yddana Pudi Yelamanchili Yeleswaram Yellanur Yemmiganur Yerpedu Yerragondapalem Yerraguntla Yerravaripalem Zarugumilli |
Year of Issue | 2018 |
Number of Authors | 2 |
Name of Authors | P. Sudhakar, G Praveen Kumar |
Keywords | Location and Extent; Physiography, Drainage and Soil; Hydrometeorology; Geology; Ground Water Regime Monitoring; Ground Water Quality |
File | Download |
Andhra Pradesh State is the 7 th largest state in India covering geographical area of 1, 63,000 Km2. It lies between NL 12° 37’ and 19° 09’ and EL 76° 45 ‘and 84° 47’. The State is bordered on east by Bay of Bengal (~970 km), on south by Tamilnadu and Karnataka, on west by Karnataka and Telangana and on north by Telangana, Chattisgarh and Orissa states. Physiographically, Andhra Pradesh State can be divided into three distinct zones, viz., Coastal Plains, Eastern Ghats and Western Pedeplains. The landforms, altitude and drainage pattern are different in each zone. The first two units stretch from Northeast to Southwest in a narrow strip while the western pedeplains occupy rest of the area. The coastal plains stretch from Kalingapatnam (Srikakulam district) in the north to Pulicot (Nellore district) in the south along a narrow strip, which broadens in the middle along Godavari - Krishna deltas (up to 80 sq.km). The altitude of coastal plains ranges from sea level at the coast to 150 - 200 m amsl on the west. The Eastern Ghats follow the Coastal Plains stretching closely from one end to the other except in area between the Godavari and Krishna rivers. The hill ranges trend in NE - SW direction in the north and in N-S direction in the south and attain elevation of 600 to 1200 m amsl. A major part of the State covering part of Rayalaseema region (Kurnool and Anantapur districts), fall in this category of physiographic unit. The pedeplains show rolling topography with flat to undulating tracts. This plateau in the interior of the State extends largely between elevation of 150 to 600 m amsl except at places where it is overlain by Basaltic Lava flows, the elevation of which ranges from 600 to 900 m amsl. The State is drained by 40 major and minor rivers. The important rivers are Godavari, Krishna, Pennar, Palar, Vamsadhara, and Nagavalli. Godavari and Krishna rivers and their tributaries drain the northern and central part and Pennar river drains the southern part of the state before confluence in to Bay of Bengal. There are 3 major basins and 11 medium river basins in the state. The climate of the state is tropical in nature and is influenced by the topographical variations and maritime influence. The Deccan Plateau has more of a temperate climate than the coastal belt. The Eastern Ghats in Vishakhapatnam and its neighbourhood play a significant role, which acts as a barrier to easterly winds in association with depression from Bay of Bengal during the southwestern monsoon. A wide variety of geological formations occur in Andhra Pradesh, ranging from the oldest Archaean crystalline rocks to Recent alluvium. Major part of the State is underlain by gneissic complex with a structural fill of sedimentary rocks and basin-fill of meta-sedimentary rocks. The gneissic complex is overlain by basaltic lava flows in the northwestern part and is intruded by several younger rocks – granites, dolerites, pegmatites, etc. Ground Water Regime Monitoring as lithounits, Hydrogeologically, are classified into three groups, namely- i) Consolidated formations ii) Semi-consolidated formations and iii) Unconsolidated formations. Analysis of Water Levels- Water levels of Pre-monsoon in the range of -0.80 (Krishna district) to 49.3 m bgl (Prakasam district). The spatial distribution of depth to water level. One well in Krishna district shows artesian condition. Shallow water level in the range of 0 to 2 m bgl covers an area of about 4035 Km2 (3 % of state area) and mostly observed in coastal area and parts of Chittoor district. Water levels in the range of 2 to 5 m are more predominant occupying 54840Km2 (34% of area). Water levels in the range of 5 to 10 m occupy about 72850 Km2 (46% of area). Water levels between 10-20 m bgl cover about 24960 Km2 of state area (16 %) mostly in Anantapur, Prakasam and Kurnool districts. Deep water levels of more than 20 mbgl covers about 2% of the total geographical area respectively, covering Rayalseema region of the state. Water levels of Post-monsoon are in the range of -0.30 (Krishna district) 48.5 mbgl (Prakasam district). The spatial distribution of water level is shown in Fig 7.3. One well located at in Krishna district shown artesian condition. Shallow water level in the range of 0 to 2 m bgl covers an area of about 20,990 Km2 (13% of state area) and mostly observed in coastal belt and small parts of Kurnool district (262 wells). Water levels in the range of 2 to 5 m occupies about 56,910 Km2 areas (36% of the total geographical area of the state), occupying entire State except parts of southern areas of the state. During August water levels are in the range of 5-10 m bgl is observed in about 26 % of the wells and 10-20m in 7.2 % of the wells. Deep water levels of 20 mbgl is observed in only 1.1% of the wells covering parts of Kadapa, Anantapur, Prakasam and Kurnool districts. Water Level Fluctuation - Nov, 2016 from May, 2016- The minimum and maximum rise in water level fluctuations is recorded as 0.03 m in Vizianagaram and West Godavari and 29.3 m in Guntur districts respectively. The minimum and maximum fall in water level fluctuations is recorded as 0.01 m in Chittoor, East Godavari 33 and Visakhapatnam districts and 42.6 m in Visakhapatnam district. In the state about 115727 km2 area shown a rise in water levels in the range of 2 to 4 m and in rest of the area i.e 44473 Km2 water level fluctuations have shown a fall in the range of 2 to 4 m. Water level fall of more than 4 m is recorded mostly in Nellore, Chittoor and Prakasam districts while rise of more than 4 m is recorded mainly in Kurnool and western parts of all the districts except Visakhapatnam and Rayalaseema districts. Ground water quality is assessed during pre-monsoon season of 2016 by collecting 684 samples from both dug wells and peizometers and 14 parameters namely pH, EC (in µS/cm at 25 ° C), TH, Ca, Mg, Na, K, CO3, HCO3, Cl, SO4, NO3, F and TDS were analyzed as per standard guidelines laid down in APHA and suitability of ground water for drinking purposes is assessed as per BIS guidelines and for irrigation as per USSL, % Na and RSC. Groundwater from the state is slightly acidic to alkaline in nature with pH in the range of 6.3 - 9.3 (Avg: 7.9). Electrical conductivity varies from 60-13980 (avg: 1818) µ Siemens/cm. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) varies from 35-8511 and in 90 samples it is beyond 2000 mg/l (6.75 %). Total hardness varies from 25-2600 mg/l and in 14.4 % of samples it is beyond 600 mg/l. Calcium and magnesium varies from 40 - 460 mg/l (avg: 75) (in 4.1 % samples it is beyond permissible limits of BIS i.e., 200 mg/l) and 1.2 - 353 mg/l (avg: 48) (in 2.5% samples it is beyond permissible limits of BIS i.e., 100 mg/l). Sodium and potassium varies from 0.5 - 2325 and BDL to 450 mg/l. The HCO3 concentration varies from nil to 1330 mg/l. Chloride and sulphate varies from 5.3 – 2801 and 0 to 3130 mg/l and found that in 29 and 46 samples it its beyond permissible limits of BIS respectively. NO3 ranges from 0-1119 mg/l and found that 40 % samples are unfit for human consumptions (45 mg/l). Fluoride concentration varies from 0.06 – 5.2 mg/l (Kanigiri in Prakasam district) and found that 8.1% samples are unfit for human consumptions (beyond 1.5 mg/l). As for as irrigation suitability of ground water is concerned it is found that majority of samples fall in C2-S1 type of water. As per RSC classification of water 15.7 % are unfit for irrigation. Ground water from the area is mainly of Na-Mg-HCO3-Cl and Na-HCO3-cl type followed by Na-Mg-Cl-HCO3 and Ca-Na-HCO3-Cl type. Ground Water Year Book 2017-2018 Andhra Pradesh State Andhra Pradesh State is the 7th largest state in India covering geographical area of 1, 63,000 Km². It lies between NL 12° 37’ and 19° 09’ and EL 76° 45 ‘and 84° 47’. The State is bordered on east by Bay of Bengal (~970 km), on south by Tamilnadu and Karnataka, on west by Karnataka and Telangana and on north by Telangana, Chattisgarh and Orissa states. Physiographically, Andhra Pradesh State can be divided into three distinct zones, viz., Coastal Plains, Eastern Ghats and Western Pedeplains. The landforms, altitude and drainage pattern are different in each zone. The first two units stretch from Northeast to Southwest in a narrow strip while the western pedeplains occupy rest of the area. The coastal plains stretch from Kalingapatnam (Srikakulam district) in the north to Pulicot (Nellore district) in the south along a narrow strip, which broadens in the middle along Godavari - Krishna deltas (up to 80 sq.km). The altitude of coastal plains ranges from sea level at the coast to 150 - 200 m amsl on the west. The Eastern Ghats follow the Coastal Plains stretching closely from one end to the other except in area between the Godavari and Krishna rivers. The hill ranges trend in NE - SW direction in the north and in N-S direction in the south and attain elevation of 600 to 1200 m amsl. A major part of the State covering part of Rayalaseema region (Kurnool and Anantapur districts), fall in this category of physiographic unit. The pedeplains show rolling topography with flat to undulating tracts. This plateau in the interior of the State extends largely between elevation of 150 to 600 m amsl except at places where it is overlain by Basaltic Lava flows, the elevation of which ranges from 600 to 900 m amsl. The State is drained by 40 major and minor rivers. The important rivers are Godavari, Krishna, Pennar, Palar, Vamsadhara, and Nagavalli. Godavari and Krishna rivers and their tributaries drain the northern and central part and Pennar river drains the southern part of the state before confluence in to Bay of Bengal. There are 3 major basins and 11 medium river basins in the state. The climate of the state is tropical in nature and is influenced by the topographical variations and maritime influence. The Deccan Plateau has more of a temperate climate than the coastal belt. The Eastern Ghats in Vishakhapatnam and its neighbourhood play a significant role, which acts as a barrier to easterly winds in association with depression from Bay of Bengal during the southwestern monsoon. A wide variety of geological formations occur in Andhra Pradesh, ranging from the oldest Archaean crystalline rocks to Recent alluvium. Major part of the State is underlain by gneissic complex with a structural fill of sedimentary rocks and basin-fill of meta-sedimentary rocks. The gneissic complex is overlain by basaltic lava flows in the northwestern part and is intruded by several younger rocks – granites, dolerites, pegmatites, etc. Ground Water Regime Monitoring as lithounits, Hydrogeologically, are classified into three groups, namely- i) Consolidated formations ii) Semi-consolidated formations and iii) Unconsolidated formations. Analysis of Water Levels- The depth to water level during May, 2017 vary between -0.25 m.bgl (Krishna district) and 49.3 m.bgl (Prakasam district). Water level of less than 2 m bgl is recorded in 6 % of wells, between 2-5 m bgl in 37% of wells, between 5-10 m bgl in 41% of wells, between 10-20 m bgl in 15% of wells, between 20-40 m bgl in 1% of wells and in the rest 0.4% of wells depth to water level more than 40 m bgl is registered. Depth to water level map of May, 2017 shows that , area-wise 71% of the state is covered by depth to water level of 0 to 10 m bgl. Shallow water levels of less than 2 m bgl are noticed in very small parts (1%) in Kurnool, Guntur, Krishna and Visakhapatnam districts. Deeper water levels of more than 20 m covers about 5% of the state noticed mostly in Rayalaseema districts. The depth to water level during November, 2017 in the range of -0.80 m bgl (artesian well, Krishna district) to 39.5 m bgl(Guntur district) in unconfined aquifer and -0.28m bgl (artesian well , Kurnool district) to104.4 m bgl (Anantapur district) .One well located at in Krishna district and Kurnool district each shown artesian conditions. Shallow water level in the range of 0 to 2 m bgl covers an area of about 20,990 Km2 (13% of state area) and mostly observed in coastal belt and small parts of Kurnool (262 wells). Water levels in the range of 2 to 5 m occupies about 32,520 Km2 (21% of the total geographical area of the state), occurring in all coastal districts , except Prakasam district, in the coastal belt and as isolated small patches in Rayalaseema districts. entire State except parts of southern areas of the state. Majority of the water levels are in the range of 2 to 10 m bgl occupying about 68 % of the area in 1,07,180 sq.k. This is due to normal to excess rainfall in the state during the period i.e., June to October. Deep water levels in the range of 20 mbgl covers 3095 Km2 area (2%) of the total geographical area as small parts of Kadapa, Anantapur, Kurnool, Prakasam and Guntur districts. Water level fluctuation of Nov, 2017 with pre-monsoon water level of May, 2017 have shown fall in 9% of the area and rise in 91% of the area. Maximum rise of 18.6 m is in Prakasam district and maximum fall is 15.7 m in Krishna district. Aquifer wise water level analysis shows that during pre-monsoon season shallowest water levels are observed in all the formations except Intrusives. Deepest water levels are observed Alluvium, Limestone and BGC. During post-monsoon season, shallowest water leves are observd in all formations except in Intrusives and Laterites. Deepest water levels are observed in Gniess, Granite, Limestone, Quartz and Sansstone. 85 Based on long term water level trend maps, it is inferred that, during pre-monsoon season, rise in water level trend is observed in 40% of the area, fall in trend is observed in 60% of the area. During post-monsoon season, rise in water level trend is observed in 42% of the area, fall in trend is observed in 58% of the area. Based on annual trend, rise in water levels during the twenty period(1998-2017) , is observed in 19% of the area and rise is observed in 81% of the area. Ground water quality is assessed during pre-monsoon season of 2017 by collecting 600 samples from both dug wells and peizometers and 14 parameters namely pH, EC (in µS/cm at 25 ° C), TH, Ca, Mg, Na, K, CO3, HCO3, Cl, SO4, NO3, F and TDS were analyzed as per standard guidelines laid down in APHA and suitability of ground water for drinking purposes is assessed as per BIS guidelines and for irrigation as per USSL and RSC. Groundwater from the state is slightly acidic to alkaline in nature with pH in the range of 6.15 to 8.88. Electrical conductivity varies from 125-21560 µ Siemens/cm. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) varies from 72-12323 mg/l and in 68 samples it is beyond 2000 mg/l (11.3 %). Total hardness varies from 40-4300 mg/l and in 19 % of samples it is beyond 600 mg/l. Calcium and magnesium varies from 4 to 661 mg/l (in 6 % samples it is beyond permissible limits of BIS i.e., 200 mg/l) and 1.3 to 644 mg/l (in Krishna district it is beyond permissible limits of BIS i.e., 100 mg/l). Sodium and potassium varies from 5 - 3094 mg/L and BDL (Below detection Limit) to 860 mg/l respectively. The HCO3 concentration varies from 18 to 1305 mg/l. Chloride and sulphate varies from 11 to 7374 mg/l and 16 to 2957 mg/l respectively in 4% of samples. NO3 ranges from 0 to 959 mg/l and found that 35 % samples are unfit for human consumption (45 mg/l). Fluoride concentration varies from 0.09 to 3.82 mg/l (Reddigudem of Krishna district) and found that 7% samples are unfit for human consumption (beyond 1.5 mg/l). As far as irrigation suitability of ground water is concerned it is found that majority of samples fall in C3S1 type of water. As per RSC classification of waters only 12 % are unfit for irrigation. Ground water from the area is mainly of Na-Mg-HCO3-Cl and Na-HCO3-Cl type followed by Na-Mg-Cl-HCO3 and Ca-Na-HCO3-Cl type.