CGWB - Publications and Media Warehouse
Category | Year Book |
---|---|
State | Bihar |
District | Araria Arwal Aurangabad Banka Begusarai Bhagalpur Bhojpur Buxar Darbhanga Gaya Gopalganj Jamui Jehanabad Kaimur (Bhabua) Katihar Khagaria Kishanganj Lakhisarai Madhepura Madhubani Munger Muzaffarpur Nalanda Nawada Pashchim Champaran Patna Purbi Champaran Purnia Rohtas Saharsa Samastipur Saran Sheikhpura Sheohar Sitamarhi Siwan Supaul Vaishali |
Block | Adapur Adhaura Agiaon Akbarpur Akorhigola Alamnagar Alauli Alinagar Amarpur Amas Amdabad Amnour Amour Andar Andhratharhi Ara Araria Areraj Ariari Arwal Asarganj Asthawan Athamalgola Atri Aurai Aurangabad Azamnagar Babu Barhi Bachhwara Bagaha-I Bagaha-Ii Bahadurganj Bahadurpur Baheri Baikunthpur Bairgania Bairia Baisa Baisi Bajpatti Bakhri Bakhtiarpur Ballia Balrampur Bandra Baniapur Banjariya Banka Bankatwa Bankey Bazar Banma Itahari Banmankhi Barachatti Barahat Barahiya Barari Barauli Barauni Barbigha Barh Barhara Barhara Barharia Barhat Bariyarpur Barsoi Barun Basantpur Basantpur Basopatti Bathanaha Bausi Begusarai Behea Belaganj Belchchi Beldaur Belhar Belsand Ben Benipatti Benipur Bettiah Bhabua Bhagwanpur Bhagwanpur Bhagwanpur Bhagwanpur Hat Bhargama Bhawanipur Bhitaha Bhorey Bibhutipur Bidupur Bihariganj Biharsharif Bihpur Bihta Bijaipur Bikram Bikramganj Bind Biraul Birpur Bisfi Bithan Bochahan Bodhgaya Bokhra Brahmpur Buxar Chainpur Chakai Chakia (Pipra) Chakki Chand Chandan Chandi Channan Chanpatia Charpokhari Chausa Chausa Chautham Chawradano Chehrakala Chenari Cheria Bariarpur Chewara Chhapra Chhatapur Chhaurahi Chiraiya Choraut Chougain Dagraua Dalsinghsarai Dandari Dandkhora Daniyawan Darauli Daraundha Darbhanga Dariapur Daudnagar Dawath Dehri Deo Desri Dhaka Dhamdaha Dhanarua Dharhara Dhuraiya Dighalbank Dighwara Dinapur Dinara Dobhi Dulhin Bazar Dumari Katsari Dumaria Dumra Dumraon Durgawati Ekangarsarai Ekma Falka Fatehpur Fatuha Forbesganj Fullidumar Gadhpura Gaighat Gamhariya Garaul Garhani Garkha Gaunaha Gaurabauram Gaya Town Ghanshyampur Ghatkusumbha Ghelarh Ghoghardiha Ghorasahan Ghoshi Ghoswari Gidhor Giriak Gobindpur Gogri Goh Gopalganj Gopalpur Goradih Goriakothi Guraru Gurua Guthani Gwalpara Hajipur Halsi Hanuman Nagar Harlakhi Harnaut Harsidhi Hasan Pura Hasanganj Hasanpur Haspura Hathua Hayaghat Hilsa Hisua Hulasganj Hussainganj Imamganj Islamnagar Aliganj Islampur Ismailpur Isuapur Itarhi Jagdishpur Jagdishpur Jainagar Jalalgarh Jalalpur Jale Jamalpur Jamui Jandaha Jehanabad Jhajha Jhanjharpur Jogapatti Jokihat Kadwa Kahalgaon Kahara Kako Kaler Kaluahi Kalyanpur Kalyanpur Kanti Kapri Karai Parsurai Karakat Kargahar Kasba Kashichak Kataiya Katihar Katoria Katra Katrisarai Kawakole Keotirunway Kesaria Kesath Khagaria Khaira Khajauli Khanpur Kharagpur Kharik Khizarsarai Khodawandpur Khusrupur Kiratpur Kishanganj Kishanpur Kochadhaman Kochas Koilwar Konch Korha Kotwa Krityanand Nagar Kuchaikote Kudra Kumarkhand Kurhani Kursakanta Kursela Kurtha Kusheshwar Asthan Kusheswar Asthan East Kutumba Ladania Lahladpur Lakhisarai Lakhnaur Lakri Nabiganj Lalganj Laukaha (Khutauna) Laukahi Lauriya Laxmipur Madanpur Madhepur Madhepura Madhuban Madhubani Madhwapur Maharajganj Mahishi Mahnar Mahua Mainatand Mairwa Majhaulia Majorganj Maker Makhdumpur Maner Manigachhi Manihari Manjha Manjhi Manpur Mansahi Mansi Mansurchak Marauna Marhaurah Marwan Masaurhi Mashrakh Matihani Mehsi Mescaur Minapur Modanganj Mohania Mohanpur Mohanpur Mohiuddinagar Mohra Mokama Morwa Motihari Motipur Munger Sadar Muraul Murliganj Mushahari Nabinagar Nagar Nausa Nagra Nanpur Narayanpur Nardiganj Narhat Narkatiaganj Narpatganj Nasriganj Nathnagar Naubatpur Naugachhia Nauhatta Nautan Nautan Nawada Nawanagar Nawhatta Nawkothi Neemchak Bathani Nirmali Nokha Noorsarai Nuaon Obra Pachrukhi Paharpur Pakri Barawan Pakridayal Palasi Paliganj Panapur Panchdeori Pandarak Pandaul Paraiya Parbalpur Parbatta Parihar Paroo Parsa Parsauni Patahi Patarghat Patedhi Belsar Patepur Patna Sadar Patori Phenhara Phulparas Phulwari Phulwariya Pipariya Pipra Pipra Kothi Piprahi Piprasi Piro Pirpainti Pothia Pranpur Pratapganj Punpun Pupri Purani Purnahiya Purnia East Pusa Rafiganj Raghopur Raghopur Raghunathpur Rahika Rahui Rajapakar Rajauli Rajaun Rajgir Rajnagar Rajpur Rajpur Ramgarh Ramgarh Chowk Ramgarhwa Ramnagar Rampur Rangrachowk Raniganj Ratni Faridpur Raxaul Revelganj Riga Roh Rohtas Rosera Runnisaidpur Rupouli Sabour Sahar Sahdei Buzurg Sahebganj Sahebpur Kamal Sakra Salkhua Samastipur Sameli Samho Akha Kurha Sampatchak Sandesh Sangrampur Sangrampur Sanjhouli Saraigarh Bhaptiyahi Sarairanjan Saraiya Sarmera Sasaram Sattar Kattaiya Shahkund Shahpur Shambhuganj Shankarpur Sheikhpura Shekhopur Sarai Sheohar Sheosagar Sherghatty Shivaji Nagar Sidhwaliya Sikandra Sikta Sikty Silao Simri Simri Bakhtiarpur Singheshwar Singhia Singhwara Sirdala Siswan Siwan Sonbarsa Sonbarsa Sonbhadra-Bansi-Surajpur Sonepur Sonhaula Sono Sour Bazar Srinagar Sugauli Sultanganj Supaul Suppi Surajgarha Surajpura Sursand Tajpur Tankuppa Taraiya Tarapur Tarari Tardih Tariyani Teghra Tekari Terhagachh Tetariya Tetiabambar Thakrahan Thakurganj Tharthari Thawe Tilouthu Tribeniganj Turkaulia Uchkagaon Udakishunganj Udwantnagar Ujiarpur Vaishali Vidyapati Nagar Warisaliganj Warisnagar Wazirganj Ziradei |
Year of Issue | 2014 |
Number of Authors | 1 |
Name of Authors | MER Patna |
Keywords | Location and Extent; Physiography, Drainage and Soil; Hydrogeology; Geology; Ground Water Scenario; Ground Water Quality. |
File | Download |
Bihar state lies between 83º 20' and 88º 00' E Longitudes and 24º 15' and 27º 23' N Latitudes. It shares international border with Nepal in the north and is bounded in the east, west and south by West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand states respectively. The state covers geographical area of 94,163 Sq.km and has its capital at Patna. Administratively the state is divided into 38 districts and 534 community development blocks. Pre-cambrians The rocks belonging to Proterozoic and Archean age are granite, granitic-gneiss, quartzite, phyllites, slates, and metabasics. Rocks of Chhotanagpur Granite Gneissic Complex (CGGC) suit occur in the form of small strip in the districts bordering Jharkhand state. Meta-basic rocks intrude the Chhotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex suit of rocks. Mica bearing pegmatite of Bihar Mica Belt has been found in Gaya, Nawada and Munger districts. In parts of Munger, Gaya and Nawada districts the meta-sedimentary rocks (viz. phyllite, schist and quartzite) of Pre-cambrian age are also found. The occurrence and movement of ground water is controlled by the thickness and nature of weathered mantle and saprolite zone (a transition zone between weathered residuum and fresh basement), besides fractures lying underneath the weathered residuum. Thickness of the weathered zone usually ranges from 5 to 20 m. Thickness of weathered zone is more in schist and other meta-sedimentary rocks in comparison to the granite-gneiss. The weathered product of granite and granite-gneiss is marked by presence of coarse granular materials composed of quartz and feldspar, whereas those of schist and phyllite by clayey materials. Ground water occurs under unconfined condition within the weathered mantle and saprolite zone. In the secondary porosities imparted by joints, cracks and fractures, ground water occurs under confined to semi-confined conditions. Vindhyans Rocks of Vindhyan Super-group are confined in the west and north of the river Sone and forms eastern end of the Kaimur Plateau. It occurs in the parts of Rohtas, Kaimur and Aurangabad districts. The width of the Vindhyan rocks becomes less than 3 km near Sasaram in Rohtas district. Rocks found under this super-group are mainly sandstone, limestone, quartzite and schist. These rocks behave as consolidated formation and have remained unaffected by any large-scale tectonic disturbances, except faulting at a few places in the geological past. Vindhyan sandstones are compact and have low primary porosity. Ground water in this occurs within the weathered residuum and in the secondary porosity below them. Ground water occurs under unconfined condition in the weathered mantle. The thickness of the weathered residuum varies from 5 to 10 m. Siwaliks The Siwaliks of Upper Tertiary age occur as small patches in north-western corner of the state in West Champaran district bordering Nepal. It consists of sandstone, conglomerate, red clay and spongy limestone and forms structural hills with a number of faults crisscrossing them. Ground water occurs under confined conditions in sandstones disposed at depth. Quaternary alluvium Quaternary sediments of Recent to Sub-Recent age cover about 89 percent of the geographical area of the state. They occupy entire north Bihar plain, and a vast stretch of land between south of the river Ganga and the Chhotanagpur Plateau. Deep exploratory drilling by Central Ground Water Board has confirmed thickness of sedimentary deposits in north Bihar plain as more than three hundred meters. In the south of the river Ganga, the alluvial thickness gradually decreases to as low as 50 m or even less, towards the area bordering the Jharkhand state. The sedimentary deposit consists of alternate sequences of sand and clay layers representing multi-cyclic nature of sedimentation. The Quaternary alluvial deposit spread over south and north of the river Ganga is a part of Mid-Ganga Plain. The Terai belt, which is demarcated by auto-flow wells, occurs as a narrow strip in the bordering areas in Madhubani, Darbhanga, and West Champaran districts. It is an extension of Terai belt of Nepal which coalesces with alluvial plain. Ground water occurs under unconfined conditions in the phreatic aquifer, which is generally disposed within 70 m below ground. Aquifers situated at deeper levels have ground water levels under confined condition. Ground Water Scenario- During the Pre- Monsoon period (May 2013), 400 HNS were analysed. The Minimum depth to water level of is 0.44 m bgl below ground level (bgl) has been observed at, Supaul district, and maximum water level of 13.00 m bgl has been occured at, Gaya is15.00 m bgl. The depth to water level rests in range of 2 – 5 m bgl in 41% of the area of Bihar State, which spatially covers northern part of North Bihar Plains (NBP) and as small patches in the South Bihar Plains (SBP). The depth to water level rests in the range of 5 – 10 m bgl in about 57% of the area covering adjoining to the river Ganga, and major parts of SBP. In ~ 3% of area, water level 10 m bgl has been recorded, which distributed as isolated patches mainly in Kaimur, Rohtas, Jamui, Gaya, Nawada and Banka district. In only 11 Hydrograph Network Station (HNS) which falls in Nalanda, Lakhisarai, Kishanganj, Saharsa, Saran, Supaul and Bhagalpur district, the depth to water level 2 m bgl has been recorded A total of 400 HNS were Analysed during post-monsoon period (November 2013). The minimum and the maximum depth to water levels have been recorded as 0.21 m bgl (Nawada district) and 12.59 m bgl (Jamui district) respectively. In major area of the State (78%) recorded in 249 wells, water level rests in range of 2 – 5 m bgl which covers almost entire Bihar State. The depth to water level in the range of 5-10 m bgl occurs in about 18 % of the area, which occurs in a part and bordering area of Samstipur, Begusarai, Bhagalpur, Kaimur, Rohtas, Aurangabad, Buxar, Sheikhpura, Lakhisarai, Jamui district and many other places as patches. The water level in the range of 0 – 2 m bgl has been observed in only12% of HNS, spatially covers as small patches at many locations in NBP and a few locations in SBP. There are only 02 HNS stations which falls in Bhagalpur and Jamui districts where level has been observed more than 10 m bgl. Water level fluctuations between May 2013 and November 2013 has been analysed for 369 HNS. The rise of water level observed in 343 (93%) HNS ranged from 0.01 (Jehanabad Arwal) to 9.93 m (Jamui) whereas, only 26 (7%) HNS have shown fall in water level ranged from 0.04 (Aurangabad) to 3.42 m (Banka). The majority of HNS (148 well, 40%) have shown rise in the range of 2-4 m whereas the 143 and 52 NHS have shown rise in water level in the range of 0- 2 m and 4m respectively. About 97 % area of the State has shown rise in water level. The 0-2 m segment has spread in the major part and a larger area in north-eastern part of NBP and in the adjoining part of Jehanabad, Nalanda, SBP and in many other localised area of the State. About 48% area of the State spread in the major part of Buxar Bhojpur, Rohtas Aurangabad, Gaya, E W Champaran, Jamui, Banka, Saran, Muzaffarpur, Samastipur ,Munger, Bhagalpur, Madhepura, Purnia and Katihar district has shown water level in the range of 2-4 m. The areas covering part of Kaimur, Buxar and Gaya, Nawada Jamui, Lakhisarai district are categorised in the segment of more than 4 m rise of water level. The fall is recorded as disseminated patches at many locations in the State. The groundwater pH of the samples shows neutral to mildly alkaline in nature in the range of 6.76 (Kheria, Katihar distt.) to 9.10 (Neazipur, Buxar distt.) with an average of 7.90 ± 0.5. As evident by the contour map mostly samples are characterised by the presence of bi-carbonate even upto 1001 mg l-1 (at Bhui of Nalanda district) over carbonate. In 6% (23 nos) of groundwater samples analysed which are located at different locations in Aurangabad, Banka, Bhagalpur, Buxar, Jamui, Katihar, Madhubani, Munger, Nalanda, Patna, Samastipur, sheikhpura and Siwan districts showed alkalinity value higher than 600 mg l-1. The wide range of electrical conductivity (from 110 micro siemens cm-1, Kheria; Katihar district to 4352 micro siemens cm-1, Bhui; Nalanda district) as well as TDS values indicates wide variation in dissolved constituents in groundwater samples of Bihar. EC values were found more than 2250 µS cm-1 only in 4% (15 no) samples from 10 districts viz. Begusarai, Bhojpur Jamui, Jehanabad, Kaimur (Bhabua), Munger, Muzaffarpur, Nalanda, Samastipur, Siwan. In 38% of the analysed sample TDS values have been found higher than Desirable Limit of 500 mg l-1 and in 02 samples from Nalanda district show TDS value higher than permissible limit of 2000 mg l-1. In general, the quality of groundwater in terms of Total Hardness as CaCO3 has been found as hard to very hard (almost 69% of total analysed samples), even in 4% samples total hardness was found above the permissible limit of 600 mg l-1. The concentration of Na ranged from 3.0 mg l-1 (at Bhore, Gopalganj district) to 620 mg l-1 (at Bhui, Nalanda district) and of K ranged from 0.3 mg l-1 at Purna Khaira, Jamui district to 303 mg l-1 at Wazirganj, Gaya district. The Chloride ion concentration in majority of the ground water samples (93%) has been found to below the desirable limit for drinking purpose (250 mg l-1, BIS: 2012). The maximum concentration of chloride has been found as 760 mg l-1 at Chandra Mandih, Jamui district. Nitrate concentration ranged from traces to 393 mg l-1 (Dholi, Muzaffarpur district). Total 59 samples showed Nitrate concentration higher than the permissible limit of 45 mg l-1 collected from different locations of Arwal, Banka, Bhagalpur, Buxar, Gaya, Jamui, Jehanabad, Kaimur (Bhabua), Munger, Nalanda, Nawada, Patna, Rohtas, and Sheikhpura districts of south Bihar plain and East Champaran, Katihar, Kishanganj, Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Samastipur, Saran, Siwan, Vaishali and West Champaran districts of North Bihar plain. Concentration of Sulphate ion ranged from traces to 440 mg l-1 (Bhui, Nalanda District). Only 09 samples from Jehanabad, Muzaffarpur, Nalanda and Samastipur districts showed higher sulphate concentration than the 39 desirable limit of 200 mg l-1 . Fluoride ion concentration varied from Traces to 3.25 mg l-1 (Tarakhakhar, Banka district). Only 03 samples from Banka, 01 sample from Jamui and 01 from Nalanda showed higher Fluoride concentration than the permissible limit of 1.5 mg l-1 (BIS: 2012). Highest phosphate concentration of 6.65 mg l-1 was found at Damdaha, Purnia. In most of the ground water samples (almost 80%) phosphate was detected as trace. The silicate concentration was found in the range of 4.2 mg l-1 (Kaswa Kaliganj, kishanganj) to 70.4 mg l-1 (Labhgaon, Khagaria). As per Residual Sodium Carbonate 83% groundwater samples found safe for irrigation purpose whereas as per the Sodiuk Hazard Classes based on USSL by SAR, 99% samples are categorised under ‘excellent’ class for irrigation having value 10.