CGWB - Publications and Media Warehouse
Category | Year Book |
---|---|
State | Bihar |
District | Araria Arwal Aurangabad Banka Begusarai Bhagalpur Bhojpur Buxar Darbhanga Gaya Gopalganj Jamui Jehanabad Kaimur (Bhabua) Katihar Khagaria Kishanganj Lakhisarai Madhepura Madhubani Munger Muzaffarpur Nalanda Nawada Pashchim Champaran Patna Purbi Champaran Purnia Rohtas Saharsa Samastipur Saran Sheikhpura Sheohar Sitamarhi Siwan Supaul Vaishali |
Block | Adapur Adhaura Agiaon Akbarpur Akorhigola Alamnagar Alauli Alinagar Amarpur Amas Amdabad Amnour Amour Andar Andhratharhi Ara Araria Areraj Ariari Arwal Asarganj Asthawan Athamalgola Atri Aurai Aurangabad Azamnagar Babu Barhi Bachhwara Bagaha-I Bagaha-Ii Bahadurganj Bahadurpur Baheri Baikunthpur Bairgania Bairia Baisa Baisi Bajpatti Bakhri Bakhtiarpur Ballia Balrampur Bandra Baniapur Banjariya Banka Bankatwa Bankey Bazar Banma Itahari Banmankhi Barachatti Barahat Barahiya Barari Barauli Barauni Barbigha Barh Barhara Barhara Barharia Barhat Bariyarpur Barsoi Barun Basantpur Basantpur Basopatti Bathanaha Bausi Begusarai Behea Belaganj Belchchi Beldaur Belhar Belsand Ben Benipatti Benipur Bettiah Bhabua Bhagwanpur Bhagwanpur Bhagwanpur Bhagwanpur Hat Bhargama Bhawanipur Bhitaha Bhorey Bibhutipur Bidupur Bihariganj Biharsharif Bihpur Bihta Bijaipur Bikram Bikramganj Bind Biraul Birpur Bisfi Bithan Bochahan Bodhgaya Bokhra Brahmpur Buxar Chainpur Chakai Chakia (Pipra) Chakki Chand Chandan Chandi Channan Chanpatia Charpokhari Chausa Chausa Chautham Chawradano Chehrakala Chenari Cheria Bariarpur Chewara Chhapra Chhatapur Chhaurahi Chiraiya Choraut Chougain Dagraua Dalsinghsarai Dandari Dandkhora Daniyawan Darauli Daraundha Darbhanga Dariapur Daudnagar Dawath Dehri Deo Desri Dhaka Dhamdaha Dhanarua Dharhara Dhuraiya Dighalbank Dighwara Dinapur Dinara Dobhi Dulhin Bazar Dumari Katsari Dumaria Dumra Dumraon Durgawati Ekangarsarai Ekma Falka Fatehpur Fatuha Forbesganj Fullidumar Gadhpura Gaighat Gamhariya Garaul Garhani Garkha Gaunaha Gaurabauram Gaya Town Ghanshyampur Ghatkusumbha Ghelarh Ghoghardiha Ghorasahan Ghoshi Ghoswari Gidhor Giriak Gobindpur Gogri Goh Gopalganj Gopalpur Goradih Goriakothi Guraru Gurua Guthani Gwalpara Hajipur Halsi Hanuman Nagar Harlakhi Harnaut Harsidhi Hasan Pura Hasanganj Hasanpur Haspura Hathua Hayaghat Hilsa Hisua Hulasganj Hussainganj Imamganj Islamnagar Aliganj Islampur Ismailpur Isuapur Itarhi Jagdishpur Jagdishpur Jainagar Jalalgarh Jalalpur Jale Jamalpur Jamui Jandaha Jehanabad Jhajha Jhanjharpur Jogapatti Jokihat Kadwa Kahalgaon Kahara Kako Kaler Kaluahi Kalyanpur Kalyanpur Kanti Kapri Karai Parsurai Karakat Kargahar Kasba Kashichak Kataiya Katihar Katoria Katra Katrisarai Kawakole Keotirunway Kesaria Kesath Khagaria Khaira Khajauli Khanpur Kharagpur Kharik Khizarsarai Khodawandpur Khusrupur Kiratpur Kishanganj Kishanpur Kochadhaman Kochas Koilwar Konch Korha Kotwa Krityanand Nagar Kuchaikote Kudra Kumarkhand Kurhani Kursakanta Kursela Kurtha Kusheshwar Asthan Kusheswar Asthan East Kutumba Ladania Lahladpur Lakhisarai Lakhnaur Lakri Nabiganj Lalganj Laukaha (Khutauna) Laukahi Lauriya Laxmipur Madanpur Madhepur Madhepura Madhuban Madhubani Madhwapur Maharajganj Mahishi Mahnar Mahua Mainatand Mairwa Majhaulia Majorganj Maker Makhdumpur Maner Manigachhi Manihari Manjha Manjhi Manpur Mansahi Mansi Mansurchak Marauna Marhaurah Marwan Masaurhi Mashrakh Matihani Mehsi Mescaur Minapur Modanganj Mohania Mohanpur Mohanpur Mohiuddinagar Mohra Mokama Morwa Motihari Motipur Munger Sadar Muraul Murliganj Mushahari Nabinagar Nagar Nausa Nagra Nanpur Narayanpur Nardiganj Narhat Narkatiaganj Narpatganj Nasriganj Nathnagar Naubatpur Naugachhia Nauhatta Nautan Nautan Nawada Nawanagar Nawhatta Nawkothi Neemchak Bathani Nirmali Nokha Noorsarai Nuaon Obra Pachrukhi Paharpur Pakri Barawan Pakridayal Palasi Paliganj Panapur Panchdeori Pandarak Pandaul Paraiya Parbalpur Parbatta Parihar Paroo Parsa Parsauni Patahi Patarghat Patedhi Belsar Patepur Patna Sadar Patori Phenhara Phulparas Phulwari Phulwariya Pipariya Pipra Pipra Kothi Piprahi Piprasi Piro Pirpainti Pothia Pranpur Pratapganj Punpun Pupri Purani Purnahiya Purnia East Pusa Rafiganj Raghopur Raghopur Raghunathpur Rahika Rahui Rajapakar Rajauli Rajaun Rajgir Rajnagar Rajpur Rajpur Ramgarh Ramgarh Chowk Ramgarhwa Ramnagar Rampur Rangrachowk Raniganj Ratni Faridpur Raxaul Revelganj Riga Roh Rohtas Rosera Runnisaidpur Rupouli Sabour Sahar Sahdei Buzurg Sahebganj Sahebpur Kamal Sakra Salkhua Samastipur Sameli Samho Akha Kurha Sampatchak Sandesh Sangrampur Sangrampur Sanjhouli Saraigarh Bhaptiyahi Sarairanjan Saraiya Sarmera Sasaram Sattar Kattaiya Shahkund Shahpur Shambhuganj Shankarpur Sheikhpura Shekhopur Sarai Sheohar Sheosagar Sherghatty Shivaji Nagar Sidhwaliya Sikandra Sikta Sikty Silao Simri Simri Bakhtiarpur Singheshwar Singhia Singhwara Sirdala Siswan Siwan Sonbarsa Sonbarsa Sonbhadra-Bansi-Surajpur Sonepur Sonhaula Sono Sour Bazar Srinagar Sugauli Sultanganj Supaul Suppi Surajgarha Surajpura Sursand Tajpur Tankuppa Taraiya Tarapur Tarari Tardih Tariyani Teghra Tekari Terhagachh Tetariya Tetiabambar Thakrahan Thakurganj Tharthari Thawe Tilouthu Tribeniganj Turkaulia Uchkagaon Udakishunganj Udwantnagar Ujiarpur Vaishali Vidyapati Nagar Warisaliganj Warisnagar Wazirganj Ziradei |
Year of Issue | 2015 |
Number of Authors | 1 |
Name of Authors | MER Patna |
Keywords | Location and Extent; Hydrogeology; Geology; Ground Water Scenario; Hydrochemistry; Rainfall Data Analysis; Trend Analysis During Pre and Post Monsoon |
File | Download |
Bihar state lies between 83º 20' and 88º 00' E Longitudes and 24º 15' and 27º 23' N Latitudes. It shares international border with Nepal in the north and is bounded in the east, west and south by West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand states respectively. The state covers geographical area of 94,163 Sq.km and has its capital at Patna. Administratively the state is divided into 38 districts and 534 community development blocks. Pre-cambrians The rocks belonging to Proterozoic and Archean age are granite, granitic-gneiss, quartzite, phyllites, slates, and metabasics. Rocks of Chhotanagpur Granite Gneissic Complex (CGGC) suit occur in the form of small strip in the districts bordering Jharkhand state. Meta-basic rocks intrude the Chhotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex suit of rocks. Mica bearing pegmatite of Bihar Mica Belt has been found in Gaya, Nawada and Munger districts. In parts of Munger, Gaya and Nawada districts the meta-sedimentary rocks (viz. phyllite, schist and quartzite) of Pre-cambrian age are also found. The occurrence and movement of ground water is controlled by the thickness and nature of weathered mantle and saprolite zone (a transition zone between weathered residuum and fresh basement), besides fractures lying underneath the weathered residuum. Thickness of the weathered zone usually ranges from 5 to 20 m. Thickness of weathered zone is more in schist and other meta-sedimentary rocks in comparison to the granite-gneiss. The weathered product of granite and granite-gneiss is marked by presence of coarse granular materials composed of quartz and feldspar, whereas those of schist and phyllite by clayey materials. Ground water occurs under unconfined condition within the weathered mantle and saprolite zone. In the secondary porosities imparted by joints, cracks and fractures, ground water occurs under confined to semi-confined conditions. Vindhyans Rocks of Vindhyan Super-group are confined in the west and north of the river Sone and forms eastern end of the Kaimur Plateau. It occurs in the parts of Rohtas, Kaimur and Aurangabad districts. The width of the Vindhyan rocks becomes less than 3 km near Sasaram in Rohtas district. Rocks found under this super-group are mainly sandstone, limestone, quartzite and schist. These rocks behave as consolidated formation and have remained unaffected by any large-scale tectonic disturbances, except faulting at a few places in the geological past. Vindhyan sandstones are compact and have low primary porosity. Ground water in this occurs within the weathered residuum and in the secondary porosity below them. Ground water occurs under unconfined condition in the weathered mantle. The thickness of the weathered residuum varies from 5 to 10 m. Siwaliks The Siwaliks of Upper Tertiary age occur as small patches in north-western corner of the state in West Champaran district bordering Nepal. It consists of sandstone, conglomerate, red clay and spongy limestone and forms structural hills with a number of faults crisscrossing them. Ground water occurs under confined conditions in sandstones disposed at depth. Quaternary alluvium Quaternary sediments of Recent to Sub-Recent age cover about 89 percent of the geographical area of the state. They occupy entire north Bihar plain, and a vast stretch of land between south of the river Ganga and the Chhotanagpur Plateau. Deep exploratory drilling by Central Ground Water Board has confirmed thickness of sedimentary deposits in north Bihar plain as more than three hundred meters. In the south of the river Ganga, the alluvial thickness gradually decreases to as low as 50 m or even less, towards the area bordering the Jharkhand state. The sedimentary deposit consists of alternate sequences of sand and clay layers representing multi-cyclic nature of sedimentation. The Quaternary alluvial deposit spread over south and north of the river Ganga is a part of Mid-Ganga Plain. The Terai belt, which is demarcated by auto-flow wells, occurs as a narrow strip in the bordering areas in Madhubani, Darbhanga, and West Champaran districts. It is an extension of Terai belt of Nepal which coalesces with alluvial plain. Ground water occurs under unconfined conditions in the phreatic aquifer, which is generally disposed within 70 m below ground. Aquifers situated at deeper levels have ground water levels under confined condition. Ground Water Scenario- During the Pre- Monsoon period (May 2014), 487 HNS were analysed. The Minimum depth to water level of is 0.44 m bgl below ground level (bgl) has been observed at, E Champaran district, and maximum water level of 15.80 m bgl has been occured at, Jamui district. The depth to water level rests in range of 2 – 5 m bgl in 53% of the area of Bihar State, which spatially covers northern part of North Bihar Plains (NBP) and as small patches in the South Bihar Plains (SBP). The depth to water level rests in the range of 5 – 10 m bgl in about 44% of the area covering adjoining to the river Ganga, and major parts of SBP. In ~ 3% of area, water level 10 m bgl has been recorded, which distributed as isolated patches mainly in Kaimur, Rohtas, Jamui, Gaya, Nawada and Bhagalpur district. In only 17 Hydrograph Network Station (HNS) disseminatly located in the State where 2 m bgl has been recorded. A total of 477 HNS were Analysed during post-monsoon period (November 2014). The minimum and the maximum depth to water levels have been recorded as 0.39 m bgl (Madhubani district) and 12.06 m bgl (Jamui district) respectively. In major area of the State (71% ) recorded in 291 wells, water level rests in range of 2 – 5 m bgl which covers almost entire State. The depth to water level in the range of 5-10 m bgl occurs in about 12 % of the area of the State, which occurs in and bordering area of Samstipur, Begusarai, Bhagalpur, Kaimur, Rohtas, Aurangabad, Buxar, Sheikhpura, Lakhisarai andJamui district and many other places as patches. The water level in the range of 0 – 2 m bgl has been observed in only16% of HNS, spatially covers as small patches at many locations in NBP mostly in northern boarder of the State and at few locations in SBP. There are only 04 HNS stations which fall in Bhagalpur, Rohtas and Jamui districts where level has been observed more than 10 m bgl. Water level fluctuations between May 2014 and November 2014 has been analysed for 426 HNS. The rise of water level observed in 312 (92%) HNS ranged from 0.03 (Supaul) to 6.98 m (Samastipur) whereas, only 31 (8%) HNS have shown fall in water level ranged from 0.09 (Siwan) to 4.12 m (Bhagalpur). The majority of HNS (215 well, 50%) have shown rise in the range of 2-4 m whereas the 136 and 32 NHS have shown rise in water level in the range of 0-2 m and 4m respectively. About 56 % area of the State has shown rise in water level. The 0-2 m segment has spread in a larger area in north-eastern and North-western part of NBP and in SBP, the adjoining part of Jehanabad, Nalanda and Buxar and in many other localised area of the State. About 37% area of the State spread in the major part of Kaimur, Bhojpur, Rohtas Aurangabad, Gaya, W Champaran, Jamui, Banka, Saran, Vaishali, Muzaffarpur, Samastipur ,Munger, Bhagalpur, Madhubani, Sitamarhi and Sheohar district has shown water level in the range of 2-4 m. The total 5% area of the State categorised in the segment of more than 4 m rise of water level. The fall is recorded as disseminated patches at many locations in the State. The chemical analysis reveals that water is mildly alkaline in nature where the mean value of pH is 7.8. pH is more than 7 in almost all the sample analysed. The Electrical conductivities indicates that the ground water is having moderate salinity with mean value of 849.31 micromoh/cm at 25oC in comparison to previous year (2013), which is 837.00 micromoh/cm at 25oC . The range of EC is 93 to 4386 micromoh/cm at 25oC. The concentration of Nitrate ions remains same in both the year (2013 2014) ranged from traces to 393 mg/l. The Fluoride ion concentration also remains the same from the previous year -2013. Previous year the fluoride concentration was 3.25 mg/l in Banka district which is remains same but in different location (Tinmurthy, Banka District). The water is mainly calcium-magnesium bicarbonate type. The study of rainfall data indicates that Bihar received normal rainfall during the monsoon period after a deficit rainfall in the previous year and same is reflected in the unconfined aquifer. The depth to water level during Aug’14 revealed that 46% observation wells showed 0-2 m water level and also 46% wells analysed, showed 2-5 m depth to water level. The annual comparison indicates the rise of water level in 62% of the well, in which 52% of the wells analysed have shown rise in the range of 0-2 m. In the comparison of decadal August and August 39 ’14 water levels, 66% of wells showed rise in water level in which the range of 2m observed in 53% of the wells analysed. Hence, the phreatic aquifer is in tune with the vagaries of normal rainfall. Trend of the ground water level for the last ten year (2005-2014) have been analyzed. District wise percentage of well showing Rise, fall or no significant trend during Pre- Monsoon and Post Monsoon Season has been given in the Annexure – III. A total of 33 districts have shown long term water level trend more than 50% of the HNS is showing the falling trend during the Pre-monsoon period. The post monsoon data of Araria, Aurangabad, Banka, Bhagalpur, Gaya, Gopalganj, Jamui, Jehanabad, Katihar, Kishanganj, Lakhisarai, Madhepura, Munger, Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Saharsa, Samastipur, Sitamarhi districts are also showing falling trend in more than 50% of the HNS analysed.