AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT OF HARD ROCK AREAS OF KOLLAM DISTRICT, KERALA
Category |
Aquifer Mapping |
State |
Kerala
|
District |
Kollam |
Block |
Anchal Chadayamangalam Chavara Chittumala Ithikkara Kottarakkara Mukhathala Oachira Pathanapuram Sasthamcottah Vettikkavala |
Year of Issue |
2019 |
Number of Authors |
1 |
Name of Authors |
Rani V R |
Keywords |
NAQUIM Report, Data analysis and generation gap, Climate Rainfall, Irrigation Agriculture, Geology Geomorphology, Hydrogeology Drainage, Ground water Dynamic, Ground Water Quality, Aquifer Disposition. Aquifer Characteristics, Ground Water Resource, Ground water Related Issues, Management Strategies, Block-wise Management Plan |
File |
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Physiographically, the district can be divided into three distinct units – (1) lowland (coastal plains), (2) midlands and (3) highlands. The various landforms seen in the area are carved out by a combination of fluvial and denudational activities. The lowland or coastal plain is the area with an elevation of less than 7.5 m above msl with a gently sloping terrain made up of Tertiary and Quaternary Formation which fringes the western part of the study area. In midland, elevation is between 7.5 m and 75 m amsl consisting of low hills and valleys that are characterised by low to moderate slope towards the western coast. The evolution of different landforms in an area depends on the environment, lithology, climate and various other factors. Geomorphologically, the landforms in the study area are carved out by a combination of fluvial and denudational activities which can be grouped into erosional and depositional landforms. The various geomorphic units seen in the area are pediplain, plateau, piedmont zone, flood plain, residual hill, denudational hills and structural hills. The major portion of the study area is drained by three west flowing rivers - Achenkovil, Kallada and Ithikara, originating in the eastern hilly region. These rivers together with their tributaries exhibit dendritic pattern of drainage. Besides these three rivers, Ayirur and Vamanapuram are the other main water sheds of the study area.
The district can be broadly divided into three geological provinces from east to west which are orientated more or less North to the South and consists of the western most Quaternary alluvial deposits followed by a narrow N-S zone of late Tertiary sediments and the eastern most Precambrian metamorphic. The study area consists of Archean group of crystallines which are bordered on the west by laterite, the weathered product of basement crystallines. Major part of the study area is covered by the Archean crystallines comprising Migmatite and Kondalite suite of rocks of which the former predominates. The geological bed of Kulathupuzha Forested Hills is khondalite, charnockite and cordierite gneiss