Sundargarh district is situated in the north-western part of the state of Odisha. It is the second largest district in the state having geographical area of 9,712 km2 and accounts for 6.23% of the total area of the State. As per 2011 census, the district has a population of 20.93 lakhs of which 8.30% reside in urban areas. The projected population of the district in the year 2022 has been calculated as 24.64 lakhs. With the increase in population over the past years, the ground water extraction in the district has also increased and the stage of ground water extraction has increased from 22.11% in the year 2011 to 39.56% in 2022. Groundwater forms the major source of drinking and domestic needs in the district. The district is underlain mainly by hard rocks of different geological ages. The major rock types available in the district are granites, quartzites, limestone, dolomite, phyllite and mica schist.