Chirang district is located in north-western part of Assam surrounded by Bhutan in the north, Bongaigaon district and a little portion of Kokrajhar district in the south, Kokrajhar district in the west and Baksa district in the east. The district forms a part of the vast alluvial plains of Brahmaputra River system and sub-basin of River Manas. Physiographically, it is characterised by the different land forms, viz., a) gently sloping piedmont zone b) alluvial plains and c) inselberg. The district shares international boundary with Bhutan in the north with a mixed topography of plains and foot hills. The flat plain dominates the landscape of the district. Geomorphologically, it is characterized by different land forms, viz., a) inselbergs and b) alluvial plain. Interpretation of geophysical surveys shows dominance of sandy, pebbly and gravelly formation with minor clay content in the district. The exception is at Borolugaon and Borogaon which indicate little to no detection of pebbly, gravelly, boulder formation. Available data indicate presence of one principal aquifer in the district, viz., Sandy Gravel and Sand belonging to Older Alluvium. The geology of the district mainly comprises of Quaternary Deposits, which include Older and Newer Alluvium.